DELEUZE AND GUATTARI, A THOUSAND PLATEAUS


Deleuze, Gilles, and Felix Guattari. A THOUSAND PLATEAUS: CAPITALISM AND SCHIZOPHRENIA. Trans. and Foreword by Brian Massumi. Minneapolis: U. of Minneso ta Press, 1987.


The Deleuze and Guattari list at the University of Virginia is a rich resource on postmodern theory. THE PROGRAMME lurks on the D&G discussion list there.


BIOGRAPHIC AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC
Gilles Deleuze was professor of philosophy at the University of Paris, Vincennes. Felix Guattari, a practicing psychoanalyst and lifelong political activits, worked at La Borde, an experimental psychiatric clinic. He died in 1992.

Together D&G wrote Anti-Oedipus and Kafka: Toward a Minor Literature.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Translator's Foreword: Pleasures of Philosophy, Brian Massumi, ix

Notes on the Translation and Acknowledgments, xvi

Author's Note, xx

  1. Introduction: Rhizome, 3

  2. 1914: One or Several Wolves? 26

  3. 10,000 B.C.: The Geology of Morals (Who Does the Earth Think It Is?) 39

  4. November 20, 1923: Postulates of Linguistics, 75

  5. 587 B.C.--A.D. 70: On Several Regimes of Signs, 111

  6. November 28, 1947: How Do You Make Yourself a Body Without Organs? 149

  7. Year Zero: Faciality, 167

  8. 1874: Three Novellas, or "What Happened?" 192

  9. 1933: Micropolitics and Segmentarity, 208

  10. 1730: Becoming-Intense, Becoming-Animal, Becoming-Imperceptible..., 232

  11. 1837: Of the Refrain, 310

  12. 1227: Treatise on Nomadology:--The War Machine, 351

  13. 7000 B.C.: Apparatus of Capture, 424

  14. 1440: The Smooth and the Striated, 474

  15. Conclusion: Concrete Rules and Abstract Machines, 501

Notes, 517

Bibliography (compiled by Brian Massumi), 579

Index, 587

List of Illustrations, 611

SELECTED SUMMARY NOTES ON THE TEXT
D&G in this book offer a form that expresses the associational style of the postmodern. The 15 chapters are not designed to be read sequentially. The readers may enter where they please and jump to any chapter. Readers thus may make of their reading experience that of reading a hypertext; the authors invite that experience. (They do not forbid a start-to-end reading either.)

D&G root each chapter, however, in a concrete historical moment. Those moments are not laid out sequentially by chapter but jump around: chapter two deals with 1914, while chapter 3 deals with 10,000 BC. We note this rootedness in a study of a mode of thought, the postmodern, that indulges in the separation of reality from a simulated "reality" which humans take to be reality. From the point of view of THE PROGRAMME, we find this connectedness significant.

What are D&G doing in this book? We think that--whatever else--they are giving us a vocabulary with which to describe and analyze the experience of being conscious in the conditions of postmodernism. Their terms are novel and difficult therefore to put together. Their novelty, we sense, is necessary if we are to come to understand what is happening to us now and what we are doing to *make* happenings. When a world view dies, the terms that define and analyze it also die, even while they continue to live on human tongues through inertia, custom, unthought. The project in this book bears witness that the two authors feel the death of the pre-postmodern world view; their ambition is to give us the equipment to begin to know what has been happening. In one sense, it has not been happening until we use the equipment to say what has been happening: such a sense would be consistent with a major postmodern thread.

SPACE is central to D&G; it dominates much of the postmodern conversation. The "plateaus" of their title are borrowed from Gregory Bateson (STEPS TO AN ECOLOGY OF MIND. NY: Ballantine Books, 1972, p. 113). D&G say:

Bateson "uses the term *plateau* for continuous regions of intensity constituted in such a way that they do not allow themselves to be interrupted by any external termination, any more than they allow themselves to build toward a climax....A plateau is a piece of immanence. Every Body Without Organs is made up of plateaus. Every BwO is itself a plateau in communiction with other plateaus on the plane of consistency. The BwO is a component of passage." (p.158)

DETERRITORIALIZATION is another key concept in D&G, derived from the spatial metaphor also. We understand that it describes the condition of the "plane of consistency" or "smooth space." Its opposite--territorialization--describes the condition of "striated space." That is where particularities of desire occur. And so on.

We run a risk, when we see these terms, of translating them into the Aristotelian/Platonic/Judeo-Christian language of ideas inherited in the west. We think that would be a misreading of D&G. It is to get out of the grip of that language that they create their terms. Rather, they know that that language has lost its grip on us but we have not yet lost our grip on it; and so we need a vocabulary to cope with what we have wrought; and they will try to give us one.

If that is what they are doing, then in the end we should judge how successful their project has turned out to be. THE PROGRAMME is not equipped to make that kind of judgment at this time. However, we are intrigued by similarities of the Body Without Organs (a plane of consistency) and the Zen state of Enlightenment or Satori. We also think of echoes of the western tradition when D&G describe the plane of consistency, especially the idea of beatitude, or of ecstasy in the presence of God--going outside oneself.

We see a possibly useful comparison to be made between the Body Without Organs and Satori. The comparison will be referenced in THE PROGRAMME when it has been written as an essay outside the computer.

D&G appear to move us toward a consideration of the nature of being in the postmodern frame of mind. That ordinarily would lead to a formal philosophy of ontology. We hold out the other expectation, however, that they are attempting to describe our sense of experience under postmodern conditions-- to enable us to avoid the dysfunction of the times by making a new sense out of it. Would they, therefore, want to lift us out of these times? To something other? Better? Or, at least, more comforting, or more fulfilling? These are questions for THE PROGRAMME to consider.

Go back a page or so and click on "Deleuze & Guattari" for a trip to their plateau at the University of Virginia. That file also opens windows on other postmodern figures, such as Baudrillard.

Below is a list of some of the important concepts in D&G. Each merits elaboration--work for THE PROGRAMME.

SIGNFICANCE, EVALUATION, AND RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER WORK

Alan Taylor's list of D&G materials on the WWW offers views of the two philosophers from varying points of view.


15 November 1995; updated 21 June 1997
Commandment X of the Ten Commandments of the Postmodern

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