Medieval Dragons and Dragonlore

General Studies:

• Brunner-Traut, Emma. "Altagyptische Findlige zum mittelalterlich-europaischen Drachen," in Wolfhart Westendorf, ed., Studien zu Sprach und Religion Agyptens. Gottingen: F. Junge, 1984.
• Day, John. God's Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
• Ellis, Hilda Roderick. "The Hill of the Dragon: Anglo-Saxon Burial Mounds in Literature and Archaeology." Folk-Lore 61 (1950): 169-85.
• Evans, Jonathan D. "Semiotics and Traditional Lore: The Medieval Dragon Tradition" Journal of Folklore Research 22 (1985): 85-112.
• Fontenrose, Joseph. Python: A Study of Delphic Myth and Its Origins. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1959.
• Forsyth, Neil. The Old Enemy: Satan and the Combat Myth. Princetn: Princeton University Press, 1987.
• Grimm, Jacob. Teutonic Mythology. Trans. J. S. Stallybrass. 4 vol. London: George Bell and Sons, 1900.
• Klingender, Francis. Animals in Art and Thought to the End of the Middle Ages. Ed. Evelyn Antal and John Marthan. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1971.
• Lecouteux, Claude. "Der Drache." Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literature 108 (1979): 13-31.
• LeGoff, Jacques. "Ecclesiastical Culture and Folklore in the Middle Ages: Saint Marcellus of Paris and the Dragon." Tr. Arthur Goldhammer. In Time, Work, and Culture in the Middle Ages (Pour Un Autre Moyen Age: Temps, Travail Et Culture En Occident). 159-88. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1980.
• Newman, Paul. The Hill of the Dragon. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield, 1979.
• Petroff, Elizabeth Alvilda. "Transforming the World: The Serpent Dragon and the Virgin Saint." In Body and Soul: Essays on Medieval Women and Mysticism. 97-109. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
• Porsia, Franco, ed. Liber Monstrorum. Bari: Dedalo Libri, 1976.
• Simpson, Jacqueline. British Dragons. London: Batsford, 1980.
• Smith, G. Elliot. The Evolution of the Dragon. Manchester: At the University Press, 1919.
• Watkins, Calvert. "How to Kill a Dragon in Indo-European." In Studies in Memory of Warren Cowgill (1929-1985). Papers from the Fourth East Coast Indo-European Conference. Ed. Calvert Watkins. 270-99. New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1987.

The Beowulf Dragon:

• Berger, Harry, and H. Marshall Leicester. "The Limits of Heroism in Beowulf." In Old English Studies in Honour of John C. Pope. Eds. Robert B. Burlin and Edward B. Irving. 37-80. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1974.
• Bonjour, Adrian. "Monsters Crouching and Critics Rampant: Or the Beowulf Dragon Debated." In Twelve Beowulf Papers 1940-1960. 97-114. Neuchatel: Faculté des Lettres, 1962.
• Braeger, Peter C. "Connotations of (Earm) Sceapen: Beowulf ll. 2228-2229 and the Shape-Shifting Dragon." Essays in Literature 13 (1986): 327-330.
• Brown, Alan K. "The Firedrake in Beowulf." Neophilologus 64 (1980): 439-60.
• Brynteson, William E. "Beowulf, Monsters, and Manuscripts: Classical Associations." Res Publica Literarum 5 (1982): 41-57.
• Calder, Daniel G. "Setting and Ethos: The Pattern of Measure and Limit in Beowulf." Studies in Philology 69 (1972): 21-37.
• Carlson, Signe M. "The Monsters of Beowulf: Creations of Literary Scholars."e; Journal of American Folklore 80 (1967): 357-64.
• Chadwick, Nora K. "The Monsters and Beowulf." In The Anglo-Saxons: Studies in Some Aspects of Their History and Culture Presented to Bruce Dickens. Ed. Peter Clemoes. 171-203. London: Bowes and Bowes, 1959.
• Cherniss, Michael D. "The Progress of the Hoard in Beowulf. " Philological Quarterly 47 (1968): 473-86.
• Cooke, W. G. "`Firy Drakes and Blazing-Bearded Light'." English Studies 61 (1980): 97-103.
• Dragland, S. L. "Monster-Man in Beowulf." Neophilologus 61 (1977): 606-18.
• Dronke, Ursula. "Beowulf and Ragnarök." Saga-Book of the Viking Society 17 (1968): 302-25.
• DuBois, Arthur. "The Dragon in Beowulf." PMLA 72 (1957): 819-22.
• Duncan, Ian. "Epitaphs for Æglæcan: Narrative Strife in Beowulf." In Beowulf. Ed. Harold Bloom. 111-30. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987.
• Fisher, Peter F. "The Trials of the Epic Hero in Beowulf. " PMLA 73 (1958): 171-83.
• Gang, T. M. "e;Approaches to Beowulf." Review of English Studies 3 (1952): 1-12.
• Gardner, John. "Guilt and the World's Complexity: the Murder of Ongentheow and the Slaying of the Dragon." In Anglo-Saxon Poetry: Essays in Appreciation for John C. McGalliard. Eds. Lewis E. Nicholson and Dolores Warwick Frese. 14-22. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1975.
• Garmonsway, G. N., and Jacqueline Simpson, tr. Beowulf and Its Analogues. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1968.
• Gillam, Doreen M. E. "The Use of the Term `Æglæca' in Beowulf at Lines 893 and 2592." Studia Germanica Gandensia 3 (1961): 145-69.
• Goldsmith, Margaret. The Mode and Meaning of Beowulf. London: Athlone Press, 1970.
• Haarder, Andreas. Beowulf: The Appeal of a Poem. Viborg: Akademisk Forlag, 1975.
• Huffines, Marion Lois. "Old English Aglæca: Magic and Moral Decline of Monsters and Men." Semasia 1 (1974): 71-81.
• Huppé, Bernard F. The Hero in the Earthly City: A Reading of Beowulf. Binghamton: State University of New York Press, 1984.
• Irving, Edward B., Jr. A Reading of Beowulf. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968.
• ------. Rereading Beowulf. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989.
• Jones, Gwyn. Kings, Beasts, and Heroes. London: Oxford University Press, 1972.
• Ker, W.P. The Dark Ages. London, 1904.
• ------. Epic and Romance. 2nd edition 1908. Rpt. London, 1931.
• Knipp, Christopher. "Beowulf 2210-2323: Repetition in the Description of the Dragon's Hoard." Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 73 (1972): 775-85.
• Kuhn, Sherman M. "Old English Aglæca--Middle Irish Oclach." In Linguistic Method: Essays in Honor of Herbert Penzl. Eds. Irmengard Rauch and Gerald F. Carr. 213-30. The Hague: Mouton, 1979.
• Lionarons, Joyce Tally. "Beowulf: Myth and Monsters." English Studies 77 (1996): 1-14.
• Loganbill, Dean. "Time and Monsters in Beowulf." In In Geardagum: Essays in Old English Language and Literature. Eds. Loren C. Gruber and Dean Loganbill. 26-35. Denver: Society for New Language Study, 1979.
• Lotspeich, Claude M. "Old English Etymologies." JEGP 40 (1941): 1-4.
• Mitchell, Bruce. "`Until the Dragon Comes...' Some Thoughts on Beowulf." Neophilologus 47 (1963): 126-38.
• Niles, John D. Beowulf: The Poem and Its Tradition. Cambridge, MA & London: Harvard University Press, 1983.
• Overing, Gillian. Language, Sign, and Gender in Beowulf. Carbondale and Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1990.
• Rogers, H. L. "Beowulf's Three Great Fights." Review of English Studies 6 (1955): 339-55.
• Schichler, Robert Lawrence. "Heorot and Dragon-Slaying in Beowulf ." Proceedings of the PMR Conference 11 (1986): 159-175.
• Sisam, Kenneth. "Beowulf's Fight with the Dragon." Review of English Studies 9 (1958): 129-40.
• Sorrell, Paul. "The Approach to the Dragon-fight in Beowulf, Aldhelm, and the traditions folkloriques of Jacques Le Goff" Parergon n.s. 12 (1994): 57-87.
• Smithers, G. V. The Making of Beowulf. Inaugural Lecture of the Professor of English Language Delivered in the Appleby Lecture Theatre on 18 May 1961. Durham, England: University of Durham Press, 1961.
• Tarzia, Wade. "The Hoarding Ritual in Germanic Epic Tradition" Journal of Folklore Research 26 (1989): 99-121.
• Tolkien, J. R. R. "Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics. " Proceedings of the British Academy 22 (1936) 245-295.
• Tripp, Raymond P., Jr. More About the Fight with the Dragon: Beowulf 2208b-3182, Commentary, Edition, and Translation. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1983.
• Wild, Friedrich. Drachen im Beowulf und andere Drachen: Mit einem Anhang Drachenfeldzeichen, Drachenwappen und St. Georg. Wien: Hermann Bohlaus Nachf., 1962.

Siegfried and Fafner:

• Beck, Heinrich. "Zu Otto Höflers Siegfried-Arminius Untersuchung. " Beitrage zur Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache und Literatur 107 (1985): 91-107.
• Höfler, Otto. Siegfried, Arminius und die Symbolik. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1961.
• ------. Siegfried, Arminius und der Nibelungenhort. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1978.
• Ploss, Emil. Siegfried-Sigurd, der Drachenkämpfer: Untersuchungen zur germanisch-deutschen Heldensage. Köln: Bölau Verlag, 1966.

Old Norse Dragons

• Bauschatz, Paul C. The Well and the Tree: World and Time in Early Germanic Culture. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1982.
• Byock, Jesse L. "Sigurðr Fáfnisbani: an Eddic Hero Carved on Norwegian Stave Churches." In Poetry in the Scandinavian Middle Ages. Proceedings of the Seventh International Saga Conference. Ed. Teresa Pàroli. 619-28. Spoleto: Presso la Sede del Centro Studi, 1990.
• de Vries, Jan. Heroic Song and Heroic Legend. Tr. B. J. Timmer. London: Oxford University Press, 1963.
• Ellis, Hilda R. "The Hoard of the Nibelungs." Modern Language Review 37 (1942): 466-79.
• Ellis-Davidson, H. R. Gods and Myths of Northern Europe. Baltimore: Penguin, 1964.
• ------. "Shape Changing in the Old Norse Sagas." In Animals in Folklore. Ed. J. R. Porter and W. M. S. Russell. 126-42. Cambridge and Totowa, NJ: D.S. Brewer and Rowman and Littlefield, 1978.
• Greenway, John L. The Golden Horns: Mythic Imagination and the Nordic Past. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1977.
• Hume, Kathryn. "From Saga to Romance: The Use of Monsters in Old Norse Literature." Studies in Philology 77 (1980): 1-25.
• Kragerud, Alv. "De Mytologiske Spörsmål I Fåvnesmål." Arkiv för nordisk filologi 96 (1981): 9-48.
• Lionarons, Joyce Tally. "The Sign of a Hero: Dragon-Slaying in Þiðreks saga af Bern." Proceedings of the Medieval Association of the Midwest 2 (1993): 47-57.
• McTurk, Rory. Studies in Ragnars Saga Loðbrókar and Its Major Scandinavian Analogues. Oxford: Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature, 1991.
• Turville-Petre, E. O. G. Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964.

If you have additions or corrections to this bibliography, please send them to Joyce Tally Lionarons, jlionarons@acad.ursinus.edu.