PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION

    In examining the subjunctive mood, this section looks at formation of the verb only. Translation varies, depending on the type of clause used. See explanations of the different clauses and sequence of tenses. Forms of irregular verbs are given with those verbs.

     Recognition of present subjunctive is the trickiest, because it depends on the conjugation of the verb. The second principal part is used and the -re is dropped, as in present indicative The endings follow the pattern of the present indicative, but the vowel changes before the ending. If you remember a simple sentence, you will be on your way to mastering present subjunctive. That sentence:

She wears a diamond.

      Simply put, first conjugation verbs (First word- "She") take an "e" before the ending. Second conjugations take an "ea", third conjugation take an "a", while fourth and third -io take "ia". Examples for each conjugation are given below in both active and passive.

FIRST CONJUGATION    "SHE"

Amo   amare  amavi  amatus

   ACTIVE                                    PASSIVE

amem        amemus                    amer        amemur

ames        ametis                        ameris      amemini

amet        ament                         ametur      amentur

SECOND CONJUGATION  "WEARS"

doceo   docere  docui   doctus

ACTIVE                                            PASSIVE

doceam        doceamus                docear        doceamur

doceas          doceatis                  docearis      doceamini

doceat           doceant                   doceatur     doceantur

THIRD CONJUGATION   "A"

mitto mittere  misi  missus

ACTIVE                                                PASSIVE

mittam            mittamus                mittar          mittamur

mittas             mittatis                    mittaris        mittamini

mittat              mittant                     mittatur       mittantur

FOURTH CONJUGATION   "DIAMOND"

(also third -io verbs)

audio  audire  audivi  auditus

ACTIVE                                                PASSIVE

audiam            audiamus                audiar            audiamur

audias              audiatis                  audiaris          audiamini

audiat               audiant                  audiatur         audiantur